Traffic distribution in a cluster setup
In a cluster setup, external networks view the collection of Citrix ADC appliances as a single entity. So, the cluster must select a single node that must receive the traffic. The cluster does this selection by using Equal Cost Multiple Path (ECMP) or cluster link aggregation traffic distribution mechanism. The selected node is called the flow receiver.
Note
For an L3 cluster (nodes across different networks), only ECMP traffic distribution can be used.
The flow receiver gets the traffic and then, using internal cluster logic determines the node that must process the traffic. This node is called the flow processor. The flow receiver steers the traffic to the flow processor over the backplane (if the flow receiver and the flow processor are on the same network) or through the tunnel (if the flow receiver and the flow processor are on different networks).
Note
- The flow receiver and flow processor must be nodes capable of serving traffic.
- From NetScaler 11 onwards, you can disable steering on the cluster backplane. For more information, see “Disabling Steering on the Cluster Backplane”.
Figure 1. Traffic distribution in a cluster
The above figure shows a client request flowing through the cluster. The client sends a request to a virtual IP (VIP) address. A traffic distribution mechanism configured on the client data plane selects one of the cluster nodes as the flow receiver. The flow receiver receives the traffic, determines the node that must process the traffic, and steers the request to that node (unless the flow receiver selects itself as the flow processor).
The flow processor establishes a connection with the server. The server processes the request and sends the response to the subnet IP (SNIP) address that sent the request to the server.
- If the SNIP address is a striped or partially striped IP address, the traffic distribution mechanism configured on the server data plane selects one of the cluster nodes as the flow receiver. The flow receiver receives the traffic, determines the flow processor, and steers the request to the flow processor through the cluster backplane.
- If the SNIP address is a spotted IP address, the node that owns the SNIP address receives the response from the server.
In an asymmetric cluster topology (all cluster nodes are not connected to the external switch), you must use linksets either exclusively or combined with ECMP or cluster link aggregation. For more information, see “Using Linksets”.
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